字节全加器及其在无线电测控系统中的应用

对全加器概念进行了推广，并在此基础上给出了使用字节全加器网络的无线电抗干扰算法。通过在实际的无线电测控系统中的应用，结果表明该算法具有良好的无线电抗干扰效果。     

枸椽酸锗对小鼠免疫功能的影响

枸椽酸锗能明显提高小鼠血清溶血素抗体水平，增强二硝基氯苯（DNCB）致小鼠迟发型皮肤过敏反应。增加小鼠免疫器官胸腺和脾脏的重量，表明枸椽酸锗能增强小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫水平。     

基于主动式时间反转镜的声呐目标强度测量研究

为提高目标强度测量过程中的抗噪声、混响以及浅海多途干扰性能,从军标文件中的目标强度测量方法以及主动式时间反转镜的基本原理出发,经过研究和推演,发现可将基于单阵元的主动式时间反转镜与相关器结合应用于目标强度测量过程,提出了一种新的目标强度测量方法。该方法利用了主动式时间反转镜的抗多途特性,使得测量具有抗多途的性能;利用噪声与信号的不相关特性,算法结合相关器起到了很好的抗随机噪声效果;混响中的体积混响是随机的,算法具有抗体积混响的性能。论文分别从理论仿真和水池实验验证了算法的有效性和正确性。     

Loganin Alleviates Gout Inflammation by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Mitochondrial Damage

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium uric acid (MSU) crystals in tissues. The etiology of gout is directly linked to the NLRP3 inflammasome, since MSU crystals are NLRP3 inflammasome activators. Therefore, we decided to search for a small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the prevention of gout inflammation. We found that loganin suppressed MSU crystals-induced caspase-1 (p20) and interleukin (IL)-1β production and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) specks formation in mouse primary macrophages, showing its ability to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome. In an air pouch inflammation model, oral administration of loganin to mice prevented MSU crystals-induced production of mature IL-1β and IL-18 in air pouch exudates, resulting in decreased neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, oral administration of loganin suppressed MSU crystals-induced gout inflammation in a mouse foot gout model, which was accompanied by the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Loganin blocked de novo synthesis of mitochondrial DNA in air pouches and foot tissues injected with MSU crystals. Consistently, loganin prevented MSU crystals-induced mitochondrial damage in macrophages, as it increased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. These data demonstrate that loganin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting mitochondrial stress. These results suggest a novel pharmacological strategy to prevent gout inflammation by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.     

Analysis of the cellular Aspergillus fumigatus proteome that reacts with sera from rabbits developing an acquired immunity after experimental aspergillosis

Invasive aspergillosis caused by the mould Aspergillus fumigatus is a life‐threatening lung or systemic infection in the immunocompromised host. In this study, a protective immune response against the disease was achieved in two infected rabbits, and the cellular fungal antigenic proteome that mediated such a response was investigated against the background of vaccine development efforts. Altogether, 59 different Aspergillus proteins were found becoming reactive in the course of the developing immunity, many of which are described in this context for the first time. These included proteins related to oxidative stress management, glycolysis and other metabolic pathways. As oxidative stress is suspected to be one of the major defense mechanisms, the results may indicate at least in part a continuous response of the pathogen to evade the host's immune system. In addition, proteins with suspected cell surface association or crucial function for fungal cell development were identified. As these antigens are newly recognized during the process of the developing immunoprotection, they may not only represent valuable infection markers but also importantly broaden the list of possible vaccine candidates.     

相关攻击与相关免疫函数

本文首先介绍了如何采用ＤＣ攻击法对一类流密码体制进行相关攻击，从而说明在密码学中有必要研究相关免疫（ＣＩ）函数。在综述了域Ｆ２上相关免疫（ＣＩ）函数的研究进展的同时，给出了ＣＩ函数在一般有限域上的特性和构造，并进一步研究有限环Ｚ／（ｍ）时的情景，本文详尽描述了ＣＩ函数的五种充要条件。最后提出了几个值得研究的未解决的问题。     

Att-U-Net：融合注意力机制的U-Net骨导语声增强*

近年来大量全卷积网络、U-Net等编解码网络结构应用于语音增强,它们具有计算复杂度低、模型参数少等优势。然而,与长短时记忆模型等方法相比,这些编解码结构仍存在不能充分利用先后时间之间和高低频率之间的关联信息等缺点,尤其对于长序列数据的输入,编解码结构存在信息丢失的问题。为保持计算效率的同时考虑更充分的时频关联信息建模,本文提出一种融合注意力机制的U-Net网络的骨导语音增强方法（Att-U-Net）,通过在跳跃连接中引入注意力机制,生成一个权重矩阵,将编码层中的全局信息根据权重融入对应的解码层中,使网络在编解码过程中能够关注输入数据中与增强目标相关程度高的重要信息,同时抑制不相关的信息。在骨导语音数据集上的实验表明,融合注意力机制的U-Net网络能在保持模型轻量化的同时有效提升骨导语音的增强效果,增强后的语音在各项客观评价指标上均优于基线模型。通过对编解码网络中间层的可视化分析发现,在解码过程中注意力机制有效地保留了有声段的信息,滤除了骨导语音由于骨导传声特性带来的中频共振,从而使得增强后的骨导语音具有较好的听觉效果。     

Expeditious Synthesis of Enantiopure,Orthogonally Protected Bis‐α‐Amino Acids (OPBAAs) and their Use in a Study of Nod1 Stimulation

A convenient approach towards the synthesis of orthogonally protected chiral bis‐α‐amino acids (OPBAAs) is described. The key transformations include: (1) a highly stereoselective conjugation (alkylation) of the Schöllkopf bis‐lactim ethers and oxazolidinyl alkyl halides to build a backbone skeleton; and (2) our orthogonal protection strategy. A series of enantiopure OPBAAs bearing a variety of alkyl chain as a spacer; two stereogenic centers; and three protecting groups were prepared as examples. These versatile molecules were applied to the synthesis of biologically interesting di‐ or tri‐peptide analogues, including chiral iE‐meso‐DAP and A‐iE‐meso‐DAP, for the study of Nod1 activation in the innate immune response.     

Chemical and Biological Aspects of Nutritional Immunity—Perspectives for New Anti‐Infectives that Target Iron Uptake Systems

Upon bacterial infection, one of the defense mechanisms of the host is the withdrawal of essential metal ions, in particular iron, which leads to “nutritional immunity”. However, bacteria have evolved strategies to overcome iron starvation, for example, by stealing iron from the host or other bacteria through specific iron chelators with high binding affinity. Fortunately, these complex interactions between the host and pathogen that lead to metal homeostasis provide several opportunities for interception and, thus, allow the development of novel antibacterial compounds. This Review focuses on iron, discusses recent highlights, and gives some future perspectives which are relevant in the fight against antibiotic resistance.